Carbureter.



B. T. HAMILTON.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED'MAR. 11, 1913.

1,111,224. Patented Sept. 22, 1914 4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

B. T. HAMILTON.

OARBURETBR. I -APPLIOATIVVOII ITILED MAR. 17, 1913. 1 1 1 ,224, Patented Sept. 22, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET M jwemzw N M m QW a B I. HAMILTON.

GABBURETER. APPLICATION FILED-MAB. 17, 1913,

Patented Sept. 22, 1914.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

, STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BEL'ION TATTNALL HAMILTON, 0F FINCHLEY, ENGLAND.

CARBURETER.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, BELTON TATTNALL vHaamzron, residing in Finchley, Middlesex, England, have invented certain new and use- 5 ful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a s ecification.

The object of this invention is to provide a carbureter for internal combustion engines, whereby an engine may be supplied with a mixed 'with a suitable proportion of air to form an explosive mixture. The chief object in using two difi'erent fuels is'to enable a cheap and dense fuel to be used in conjunction with a more expensive and light fuel, as by so doing, I can very considerably reduce the cost of running the engine. For

- instance, a mixture of paraffin, petrol and air rangement is as follows Suppose, for instance, paraflin oil costsffid. per gallon and petrol 14d. per gallon, and I use an equal proportion of each; the resultant mixture will cost 10d. per gallon showing a saving of 4d. per gallon or nearly of the cost of'using petrol solely. In the case of the engines of an automobile, it is advisable, if not absolutely necessary for efficient working, that the engine should be started on a charge consisting solely or substantially of petrol or light spirit, but it can be subse-,

quently run on a mixture of petrol and paraffin oil in approximately equal proportions, as-such proportions give quite satisfactory 'r iresults, although the relative proportions of the fuels may be varied considerably according to circumstances.

"According tomy invention the carburet'er comprises a mixing chamber adapted to be put into direct communication with the engine, through a throttle valve, an air inlet valve and two or more fuel jets or inlets Ttbrough which the fuel enters directly into "themixing chamber, or discharges into small 'air"by-passes and thence into'the mixing chamber-on the engine side of the air inlet valve,j the fuel jets being controlled so as to be openedand closed progressively and si- SO'midta'neously with the opening and closing ofthe air valve, which is preferably effected automatically by the suction of the engine,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 17, 1913.

homogeneous mixture of. two or more liquid. fuels of different compositions or densities.

may be utilized. The advantage of this ar-.

Patented Sept. 22, 1914. Serial No. 754,877,

although it is within my invention to arrange the apparatus so that the air inlet valve may be operated 'mechanically or by hand.

According to another feature of my invention the mov'enient of the air inlet valve of the carbureter, and simultaneously with it the opening of the fuel nozzles, may be effected or controlled by the movement of the throttle, so that they all open and close simultaneously and in a constant ratio. ()r I may employ the multiple jets in connection with a rotary or other throttle yalve, which itself contains or constitutes the air inlet valve. 1

Further features of the inventio ii relate to means for adjusting the air inlet and also the air valve so as to obtain a constant mixbureter of the type in which the fuel and air inlets are simultaneously and automatically operated; Fig. 2 being a vertical section on the line 22 of Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3.-3 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrow (Fig. 1). Fig. 4 is a vertical section of a form of carburetor in which a rotary throttle valve is directly connec ed with the fuel inlet regulating means; an Fig. 5 is a horlz'ontal section of Fig. i.

Referring now to Figs. 1,2 and 3, the carbureter comprises mainly a mixing chamber 1, two float feed fuel reservoirs 2', 3, communicating respectively with'two fuel jets 4,

5, arranged centrally in the mixing chamber 1, and athrottle 6 communicating with the engine.

The jets .or noodles 4, 5, are arranged adjacent to each other in a common choke tube 7, the upper part of which has two bores or passages 7* into which the upper ends of the jets 4, project. Each jet is separately in communication with its float chamber by means of a tubular passage 8 in the base or connecting piece 9, one chamber being supplied with one fuel. say petrol, and the other with a heavier fuel, say paraflin.

Surrounding the choke tube 7 is a diskshaped air valve 10, on the lower end of a tubular body 11 fitting orer therhoke tube and acting as a dashpot. The air walve 10 is adapted to open and close the air inlct il to the chamber 1 and is normally pressed against its seat by a spring 13. The valve works in a conoidal part of the chamber 1,

the curvature of the wall of this chamber being such that a constant ratio of opening is maintained between the air and fuel inlets.

The upper part of the tubular extension 11 of the valve 10 is formed or provided with a bridge-piece 14 extending centrally over the jets 4, 5, and carrying two adjustable set screws 15, which in turn carry tapering needles l6 and 16 registering with and operating in the jet nozzles. v i i It will-be obvious that as the air valve 10 opens in response to the suction of the engine, both jets i, 5, will be simultaneously opened in direct proportion, if of the same size, and an exactly equal quantity of petrol and paratlin will be induced, which, mixing with the air, is carried'to the engine cylinder and then exploded in the usual manner.

' The tubular extension 1i may be provided with a small screw l1 engaging in a vertical groove 7 b in the choke tube 7. to guide the valve piece in its up and down movoinents.

It isobvious that the diameters of the two may differ to give any proportion of admixture of the fuels which may be desired, and

that, owing to the general construction and functioning of the device this proportion will be maintained in the mixture over all ranges of engine speed or throttle opening.

111- adjusting the needles, the needle it", governing the paraffin, is preferably sci-eiwd down until this fuel is completely cut cll, A when the'air valve is in its lowest or closedposition, but the petrol control needle 16 is so adjusted to allow suliicient petrol to pass, when the air valve is. in its lowest position, to make a good mixture with the air passing up through the choke tube 'l,through the air inlet perforations '17. Consequently when theengine is started up. or running on low throttle, it will run on a mixture of petrol and air only, but directly the throttle is opened the increased suction creates a partial vacuum in the mixing chamber which the small amounti of gas passing through he vent d choke tube is unable to fill. The air valve is therefore lifted from its seat and admits sufiicient air to supply the increased demand of the engine, but the rising air valve not only admits the required" amount of air, but carrying the two tapered needles with it, the jet orifices are opened and allow sucha quantity of fuel, both'petrol and paraflin, to pass, which is in exact proportion to the amount of air admitted by the valve. "Iherefore,-by merely opening the throttle, the driver automatically brings into operation simultaneously both thepetrol and paraflin jets, and the engine continues to use the mixed fuels in the correct proportion. i

\Vhile I have shown and described the throttle valve and air inlet valve as being independent the one of the other, they may be connected or operated together in any suitable manner, so that; the two will beopened and closed simultaneously and pro-- portionately.

Although I preferably arrangethe air in? let valve and jet controls as a singleorintegral member, they may be separate and connected or operated together, say, from the throttle or other control, automatic or otherwise, so as to move simultaneously. I sometimes find it convenient, instead of forming the conoidal' part of the mixing chamber 1. in one therewith, to. make it as a separate ring fitting therein, as shown at 18 in Figs. 1 and 2. I can thus, by supplying a number of rings, of which the inside ourvature differs, the one from the other, provide independent variable or exchangeable means tor'varying, desired, the relative proper: tions of air and fuel supplied to the engine, and so adapt the carburetor to varying-con: and-so adapt the carburetor to varying con ditions etc, or this regulation of the desirable ratio of air to-fuel in the mixture may be effected in any other suitable manner.

In Figs. t and 5, I have illustrated the application of my invention to a. construction in which the mixing chamber is arranged within a rotary throttle valve. Within the with supplies of petrol and para having reduced outlets or jets 23 at their upper ends. The plate 25 secured to the throttle valve 19 1S correspondingly shaped, do as to fit within the casing 6 and over the projection 21. The central projection. of the plate 25 is provided with two bores or out. lets 24- so shaped or arranged that when the,

throttle is fully open the passages 23 and 24 are in complete alinement so tlmtth maxicommunicating res actively llin, and

mnm fuel openings are provided; as the throttle is closed the passage 24 gradually moves out of alinement with the passage 23, and thus the fuel openings are reduced I301 respondingly.

\Vhile I have described my invention in connection with a needle valve form of carburetor, it is to be understood that it is applicable to other forms of carburetors or air and combustible fuel mixing devices.

Vhile for all practical purposes. I believe that tvvofuel inlets and two kinds of fuel will be suflicient, I do not wish to limit my self thereto, as it may, in some cases, be desirable to employ a greater number than two.

hat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. A carburetor comprising a mixing chamber, an air inlet valve, a central tubular projection in said mixing chamber, a plurality of fuel inlets in said tubular projecti-on, passages for ditl'erent fuel comma: nicating with said inlets, and means operated in accordance with the l closing of the air valve for opening and closing the fuel jet openings progressively and simultaneously with the opening and closing of the air valve.

2. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, an air inlet valve, a central. tubular projection in said mixing chamber, a plurality of fuel inlets in said tubular projection, passages for different fuels communicating with said inlets, and relatively adjustable means operated in accordance with the opening and closing of the air valve for opening and closing the fuel openings progressively and sim ltaneously with the opening and closing of the air valve, for the purpose set forth. i

3. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, an air inlet valve, a central tubular projection in said mixing chamber. a plurality of fuel inlets in said tubular projectiou, passages for different fuel coinmunieating ith said inlets, and means carried by the air valve for opening and closing the fuel jet openings PIOQ'I'QSSlYGlVjHKl simul taneously With the opening and closing of the air Valve.

4. A- carbureter. comprising a mixing chamber, an air -'inlet valve, a central tubular projection in said mixing chamber. a

plurality of fuel inlets in said tubular projcction, passages for ditferent fuel coinmumcatiug with said inlets, and relatively adjustable means carried by the air valve foropening and closing the fuel jot openings progressively and simultaneously with the opening and closing of the a r valve.

.5. A carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, an air inlet valve, :1 central tubular projection in said mixing chamber. :1

opening and vitality of fuel inlets in said tubular prol t'iOYl. pa sages for different fuel communirating with said inlets, means operated in progressively and simultaneously with the opening and closing of the air valve, and rcu'iovable means for arying the area of the air inlet for the purpose set forth.

7. carbureter comprising a mixing chamber. an air inlet valve. a central tubu lar projection in said mixing chamber, a plurality of fuel inlets in said tubular projection, passages for different fuels c'ommunicating with said inlets, means carried by the air valve for opening and closing the fuel jet openings progressively and simultaair 'alve, and removable means for varying the area of the air inlet for the purpose set forth.

8. carbureter comprising a mixing chamber, an air inlet valve, a central tubular projection in said mixing chamber, a

jection. passages for different fuel commu-v nicating with said inlets. relatively adjustable means carried by the air valve for opening and closing the fuel jet openings progressively and simultaneously with 'the opening and closing of the air valve. and removable means for varying the area of the air inlet for the purpose set forth.

9. carburcter comprising a mixing chamber. an air inlet valve, a central tubular projection in said mixing chamber, a plurality of fuel inlets in said tubular projection. passages for different fuel commusurrounding the lower partof said tubular projection. a tubular extension of said air valve surrounding the fuel jets. independently adjustable means carried by said tubular extension for opening and closing the fuel jet openings progressively and simultaneouslv with the opening and closing of the air valve for the purpose set forth.

10..\ arbureter comprising a mixingchamber. an air inlet valve. :1 central tubular projection in said mixing chamber. a

opening and closing the fuel jet openingsaccordance with the opening and closing of neously with the opening and closing of the plu *ality of fuel inlets in said tubular pronicating with said inlets, and an inlet valve plurality of fuel inlets in said tubular provalve, and renmvabie means for varying the jection, passages for different fuel COIIIII1\1 area of the air inlet. for the pLlI'PUc-U set nicating with said inlets, an inlet valve surforth.

rounding the lower part of said tubular pro- In testimony whereof I have affixed my 5 jection, a tubular extension of. said air valve signature in presence of two witnesses.

sur ounding the fuel jets, independently ad BELTON TATTNALL HAMILTON Justable means carried bysaid tubular extension for opening and closing the fuel jet \Vitnesses:

Openings progressively and simultaneously ALBERT JONES, lo witli the opening and closing of the air THOMAS 0. MILES. 

